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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Pourim Saddam</h1>
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<p>« Allo, Maman ! J’ai reçu mon ordre de mobilisation aujourd’hui ! » dit <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35331">David</span> Zuk au téléphone. « Je pars demain matin pour l’Arabie Saoudite ! »</p>
<p>« Oh, non ! » dit sa mère, d’un « non » qui résonnait aux oreilles de son fils de vingt ans.</p>
<p>« On m’a affecté au 101ème régiment » dit David dont la voix n’était déjà plus si assurée et qui se cramponnait aux parois de la cabine téléphonique. « J’ai presque pleuré quand ils me l’ont dit. »</p>
<p>Le 101ème Régiment, surnommé « Les Aigles hurlants » avait combattu en 1ère ligne sur tous les fronts : durant les deux guerres mondiales, en Corée et au Vietnam. Peu de ses soldats étaient revenus vivants...</p>
<p>La mère de David essayait de trouver les mots pour encourager son fils unique, mais c’était dur. Elle n’avait jamais très bien compris les choix de son fils : à seize ans, il était subitement devenu pratiquant et avait exigé de ne manger que cachère. Puis, deux ans plus tard, il s’était engagé volontairement dans l’armée... Que pouvait-elle dire ou faire devant ces choix incongrus ? Et maintenant, en entendant cette sinistre nouvelle, elle ne pouvait que ruminer : « Je te l’avais bien dit ! »</p>
<p>La Guerre du Golfe avait éclaté un mois plus tôt, le 17 janvier 1991. David savait qu’il serait en première ligne, confronté aux ravages de la guerre. « Maman, on dit que la guerre durera au moins un an, » dit-il, ne sachant pas quand il la reverrait. « Prends soin de toi, Maman. Je t’aime ! », parvint-il à murmurer en sentant ses forces l’abandonner.</p>
<p>En sortant de la cabine téléphonique, David contempla les sommets enneigés de sa base de Fort Knox dans le Kentucky, il fut frappé par leur beauté tranquille, comme s’il les voyait pour la première fois. Il se demanda s’il les reverrait jamais. Il avait entendu une rumeur qui circulait dans la base : quelqu’un avait prédit que la guerre serait terminée à Pourim, la fête juive instaurée pour remercier et glorifier D.ieu pour avoir sauvé le peuple juif d’un décret d’annihilation il y a quelques 2300 ans.</p>
<p>« Pourim n’est que dans un mois. C’est ridicule ! », pensait-il.</p>
<p>David se dit que Saddam Hussein aurait aimé la comparaison avec <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35678">Haman</span>, le persécuteur des Juifs dans l’antique Empire perse. Il s’était vanté pendant une année entière de pouvoir « brûler la moitié d’Israël » avec ses Scuds chargés de gaz mortels. Ces missiles tueraient des milliers d’Israéliens et prouverait aux nations arabes qu’Israël était vulnérable. Alors le monde saurait que D.ieu avait abandonné le « Peuple Élu » et que, à sa place, Saddam avait été choisi pour gouverner le monde. Le scénario semblait être une plaisanterie... jusqu’à ce que Saddam envahisse le Koweït.</p>
<p>De retour à son baraquement, David récita la prière du soir. Il allait devoir défendre le Koweït et l’Arabie Saoudite. Quelle ironie ! Avant de s’endormir, il repensa aux images télévisées des Scuds s’abattant sur les villes israéliennes. Ces missiles longs de 12m de fabrication soviétique avaient été « améliorée » avec des charges explosives de 300 Kg fournies par les Européens : conçue pour aplatir les bâtiments, l’explosion d’une charge de Scud crée une onde de choc frontale qui pulvérise le béton et projette des éclats de verres jusqu’à 500 m alentour comme une volée de poignard mortels.</p>
<p>Allongé dans son lit, David se remémorait les premières nouvelles d’Israël qui lui étaient parvenues. La première nuit du bombardement de Scuds irakien, l’un d’entre eux était tombé sur un immeuble d’habitation dans un quartier très peuplé de Tel-Aviv : à minuit, quatre cents appartements abritant mille deux cents personnes avaient été endommagés ou complètement détruits. Les hôpitaux de Tel-Aviv s’étaient préparés à recevoir un afflux de victimes, comme cela avait été le cas lorsque l’Irak avait envoyé ses Scuds sur Téhéran, en 1988.</p>
<p>Les ambulances étaient arrivées : un homme souffrait d’égratignures provoquées par les <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35982">bris</span> de vitres ; une femme avait une foulure. « Les ‘victimes’ auraient pu se soigner elles-mêmes, » dit l’un des médecins de l’hôpital. « Même le personnel non-religieux à qualifié cela de miracle. »</p>
<p>Durant la première semaine de guerre, l’Irak avait envoyé deux douzaines de Scuds qui avaient causé endommagé ou détruit des milliers d’appartements et autres bâtiments. Le premier Chabbat, un Scud tomba sur une synagogue installée dans un abri. Deux cents personnes s’y trouvaient en train de prier. Le souffle de l’explosion projeta les fidèles comme des pantins. Seule la paroi orientale, contre laquelle se tenait l’armoire protégeant les rouleaux de la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35052">Torah</span>, était restée intacte. Quand le premier ministre, Its’hak Shamir avait visité l’endroit, il demanda s’il y avait des gens dans la synagogue au moment de l’explosion. « Oui, » répondit le maire de Tel-Aviv, Chlomo Lahat, « Deux cents. Ils ont été sauvés par un miracle. » Personne n’était blessé.</p>
<p>Combien de temps leur <i><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35630">mazal</span></i> (bonne fortune) durerait-il ? Pour protéger Israël, David était prêt à risquer sa vie. Avec cette pensée, il murmura la prière du <i>Chéma Israël</i> et s’endormit.</p>
<p>Le lendemain matin, David embarqua avec plus de trois cents soldats dans un 747 qui fit une escale à Rome avant de se poser dans la ville portuaire de Dhahran en Arabie Saoudite : le soleil tapait fort sur les étendues immenses du sable blanc le plus fin que David ait jamais vu. Il faisait 45° à l‘ombre. Mais il n’y avait pas d’ombre.</p>
<p>A 5h30, le matin suivant, il fut réveillé par une sirène stridente : en trois secondes, il réussit à mettre son masque à gaz, mais son cœur battait à tout rompre. Le temps maximum pour cette procédure était de quinze secondes. David l’avait fait en trois. Les heures d’entrainement avaient porté leurs fruits. Trois minutes plus tard, un officier pénétra dans la tente et annonça : « Les Irakiens ont tiré un Scud et notre missile Patriot l’a intercepté. Aucun gaz n’a été détecté. Gardez vos masques jusqu’à l’ordre de l’enlever. »</p>
<p>Aucun gaz n’avait été détecté et personne n’était blessé, mais Saddam avait gagné une première manche sur le terrain psychologique. Saddam avait un autre allié : le désert, sa chaleur torride et la rareté de l’eau. Les soldats n’auraient droit qu’à une douche par mois.</p>
<p>Et Saddam continuait d’envoyer ses Scuds contre Israël, mais malgré les énormes dégâts, il n’y avait curieusement que très peu de victimes. Aux États-Unis, de nombreuses personnes avaient finis par se dire que ces Scuds n’étaient que des pétards géants inoffensifs.</p>
<p>Puis le 25 février au matin, David et 100 autres soldats reçurent l’ordre de se rendre en avion à Al Khobar. Le soir même, un fragment de Scud s’abattit sur la base : une gigantesque explosion entendue à des kilomètres de là détruisit le baraquement. Il ne resta plus qu’un cratère de ruines. 28 soldats avaient été tués et 88 soldats grièvement blessés. L’avion qui aurait dû transporter David avait eu une panne et il ne se trouvait donc pas à Al Khobar : il avait échappé à la mort.</p>
<p>La guerre s’intensifia, les forces alliées avaient été tétanisées par cet événement. David fut envoyé au front, à 50 km du village d’Our Kasdim, lieu de naissance du patriarche <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="32382">Avraham</span>, celui qui avait refusé de se prosterner devant les idoles et qui était sorti vivant de la fournaise où <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33727">Nimrod</span> l’avait précipité. La nuit, David pouvait contempler les millions d’étoiles dans le ciel : D.ieu n’avait-il pas promis à Avraham que sa descendance serait aussi nombreuse que les étoiles du ciel ?</p>
<p>Soudain, le 27 février, on annonça que la guerre était finie : le Koweït avait été libéré et l’Irak était envahi. Deux semaines plus tard, l’hebdomadaire Newsweek titrait en couverture : « Un triomphe aux proportions bibliques ! » Ce n’est qu’à son retour aux Etats-Unis que David apprit que la guerre avait pris fin le jour de Pourim.</p>
<p>Tous les soldats du 101ème Régiment revinrent sains et saufs, avec David. Ils célébrèrent leur retour avec de grandes fêtes de remerciement à D.ieu et « les jours d’obscurité furent transformés en lumière, en joie et en allégresse. ».</p>
<p>Quelques mois plus tard, étant affecté à la base de Fort Campbell, David passa un Chabbat chez le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36661">Rav</span> Zalman Posner à Nashville dans le Tennessee. « Avez-vous vu ce fascicule ? » lui demanda-t-il. David vit qu’il était intitulé « Je vous montrerai des merveilles : Allocutions publiques du Rabbi de Loubavitch, Rabbi Mena’hem Mendel Schneerson, Chlita, avant et pendant la crise dans le Golfe. »</p>
<p>David n’avait jamais entendu parler du Rabbi de Loubavitch. Ce Chabbat, il apprit tout des prédictions du Rabbi concernant la guerre du Golfe, de quelle façon le Rabbi avait proclamé que la Terre d’Israël serait sauve, que personne n’y aurait besoin de masques à gaz, et que c’est au nom du Rabbi qu’il avait été annoncé que la guerre s’achèverait à Pourim.</p>
<p>Après la guerre du Golfe, David acheva les deux ans de service militaire qui lui restaient puis joignit les rangs des jeunes gens qui étudient la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a> à la Yéchiva <i><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="32441">Tiferet</span> Ba’hourim</i> au Rabbinical College of America de Morristown dans le New Jersey.</p>
<p><span>Sources : Soldat de première classe David Zuk ; <i>"Missiles and Miracles: The SCUD Story" David Rothschild (<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33765">Nefesh</span> Magazine, 1992); "Why Were SCUD Casualties So Low?" S. Fetter, G. Lewis &amp; L. Gronlund (</i>Nature<i>, Jan. 1993).</i></span></p>
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